查看系统版本

[root@nginx01 ~]# uname -nrmnginx01 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 x86_64[root@nginx01 ~]# uname -aLinux nginx01 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux[root@nginx01 ~]#

安装postfix作为邮件MAT

[root@nginx01 ~]# yum install postfix

安装mailx作为发送邮件客户端

[root@nginx01 ~]# yum install mailx

检查是否安装成功

[root@nginx01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep -E 'postfix|mailx'mailx-12.5-16.el7.x86_64postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64[root@nginx01 ~]#

检查上述postfix和mailx安装了那些文件

[root@nginx01 ~]# rpm -ql postfix

/etc/pam.d/smtp/etc/pam.d/smtp.postfix/etc/postfix/etc/postfix/access/etc/postfix/canonical/etc/postfix/generic/etc/postfix/header_checks/etc/postfix/main.cf/etc/postfix/master.cf/etc/postfix/relocated/etc/postfix/transport/etc/postfix/virtual/etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf/usr/bin/mailq/usr/bin/mailq.postfix/usr/bin/newaliases/usr/bin/newaliases.postfix/usr/bin/rmail/usr/bin/rmail.postfix/usr/lib/sendmail/usr/lib/sendmail.postfix/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service/usr/libexec/postfix/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb/usr/libexec/postfix/anvil/usr/libexec/postfix/bounce/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update/usr/libexec/postfix/cleanup/usr/libexec/postfix/discard/usr/libexec/postfix/dnsblog/usr/libexec/postfix/error/usr/libexec/postfix/flush/usr/libexec/postfix/lmtp/usr/libexec/postfix/local/usr/libexec/postfix/main.cf/usr/libexec/postfix/master/usr/libexec/postfix/master.cf/usr/libexec/postfix/nqmgr/usr/libexec/postfix/oqmgr/usr/libexec/postfix/pickup/usr/libexec/postfix/pipe/usr/libexec/postfix/post-install/usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-files/usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-script/usr/libexec/postfix/postfix-wrapper/usr/libexec/postfix/postmulti-script/usr/libexec/postfix/postscreen/usr/libexec/postfix/proxymap/usr/libexec/postfix/qmgr/usr/libexec/postfix/qmqpd/usr/libexec/postfix/scache/usr/libexec/postfix/showq/usr/libexec/postfix/smtp/usr/libexec/postfix/smtpd/usr/libexec/postfix/spawn/usr/libexec/postfix/tlsmgr/usr/libexec/postfix/tlsproxy/usr/libexec/postfix/trivial-rewrite/usr/libexec/postfix/verify/usr/libexec/postfix/virtual/usr/sbin/postalias/usr/sbin/postcat/usr/sbin/postconf/usr/sbin/postdrop/usr/sbin/postfix/usr/sbin/postkick/usr/sbin/postlock/usr/sbin/postlog/usr/sbin/postmap/usr/sbin/postmulti/usr/sbin/postqueue/usr/sbin/postsuper/usr/sbin/sendmail/usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix/usr/sbin/smtp-sink/usr/sbin/smtp-source/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/COMPATIBILITY/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/LICENSE/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README-Postfix-SASL-RedHat.txt/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/AAAREADME/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_CLASS_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ADDRESS_VERIFICATION_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BACKSCATTER_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/BUILTIN_FILTER_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CDB_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CONNECTION_CACHE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/CONTENT_INSPECTION_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DATABASE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DB_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DEBUG_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/DSN_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ETRN_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/FILTER_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/INSTALL/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/IPV6_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LDAP_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LINUX_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/LOCAL_RECIPIENT_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MAILDROP_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MEMCACHE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MILTER_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MULTI_INSTANCE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/MYSQL_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/NFS_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/OVERVIEW/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PACKAGE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PCRE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/PGSQL_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/POSTSCREEN_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/QSHAPE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/RELEASE_NOTES/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/RESTRICTION_CLASS_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SASL_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SCHEDULER_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_ACCESS_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_POLICY_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SMTPD_PROXY_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SOHO_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/SQLITE_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/STANDARD_CONFIGURATION_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/STRESS_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TLS_LEGACY_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TLS_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/TUNING_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/ULTRIX_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/UUCP_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/VERP_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/VIRTUAL_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/XCLIENT_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/README_FILES/XFORWARD_README/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/TLS_ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/TLS_LICENSE/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/bounce.cf.default/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/chroot-setup/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/chroot-setup/LINUX2/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/qmail-local/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/qmail-local/qmail-local.txt/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/README.SPF/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/examples/smtpd-policy/greylist.pl/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.10.1/main.cf.default/usr/share/man/man1/mailq.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/mailq.postfix.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/newaliases.postfix.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postalias.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postcat.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postconf.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postdrop.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postfix.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postkick.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postlock.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postlog.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postmap.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postmulti.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postqueue.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/postsuper.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/sendmail.postfix.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/smtp-sink.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/smtp-source.1.gz/usr/share/man/man5/access.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/aliases.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/aliases.postfix.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/body_checks.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/bounce.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/canonical.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/cidr_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/generic.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/header_checks.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/ldap_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/master.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/memcache_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/mysql_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/nisplus_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/pcre_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/pgsql_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/postconf.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/postfix-wrapper.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/regexp_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/relocated.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/sqlite_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/tcp_table.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/transport.5.gz/usr/share/man/man5/virtual.5.gz/usr/share/man/man8/anvil.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/bounce.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/cleanup.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/defer.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/discard.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/dnsblog.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/error.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/flush.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/lmtp.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/local.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/master.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/oqmgr.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/pickup.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/pipe.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/postscreen.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/proxymap.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/qmgr.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/qmqpd.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/scache.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/sendmail.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/showq.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/smtp.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/smtpd.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/spawn.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/tlsmgr.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/tlsproxy.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/trace.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/trivial-rewrite.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/verify.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/virtual.8.gz/var/lib/misc/postfix.aliasesdb-stamp/var/lib/postfix/var/spool/postfix/var/spool/postfix/active/var/spool/postfix/bounce/var/spool/postfix/corrupt/var/spool/postfix/defer/var/spool/postfix/deferred/var/spool/postfix/flush/var/spool/postfix/hold/var/spool/postfix/incoming/var/spool/postfix/maildrop/var/spool/postfix/pid/var/spool/postfix/private/var/spool/postfix/public/var/spool/postfix/saved/var/spool/postfix/trace[root@nginx01 ~]# rpm -ql mailx/bin/mail/bin/mailx/etc/mail.rc/usr/bin/Mail/usr/bin/nail/usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/AUTHORS/usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/COPYING/usr/share/doc/mailx-12.5/README/usr/share/man/man1/Mail.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/mail.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/mailx.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/nail.1.gz[root@nginx01 ~]#

配置系统发送邮件的地址

[root@nginx01 log]# cp -p /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bk.20180504

[root@nginx01 log]# vi /etc/postfix/main.cf

[root@nginx01 log]# diff /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bk.20180504

75c75

< myhostname = nginx01.com

#myhostname = host.domain.tld

重启postfix

[root@nginx01 ~]# systemctl restart postfix[root@nginx01 ~]# ps -ef |grep postfixroot 21998 1 0 19:15 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -wpostfix 21999 21998 0 19:15 ? 00:00:00 pickup -l -t unix -upostfix 22000 21998 0 19:15 ? 00:00:00 qmgr -l -t unix -uroot 22017 18319 0 19:15 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postfix[root@nginx01 ~]# netstat -antup | grep 25tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0: LISTEN 21998/master

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 ::: LISTEN 21998/master[root@nginx01 ~]#

发送邮件测试是否成功

[root@nginx01 ~]# echo "test4 from nginx01" | mail -s "test4 from nginx01" test@test.com

检查log

[root@nginx01 log]# tail -5 maillog

May 4 18:57:06 nginx01 postfix/pickup[18269]: 5256C1009A4E: uid=0 from=<root>May 4 18:57:06 nginx01 postfix/cleanup[19183]: 5256C1009A4E: message-id=<20180504105706.5256C1009A4E@nginx01.com>May 4 18:57:06 nginx01 postfix/qmgr[18270]: 5256C1009A4E: from=<root@nginx01.com>, size=449, nrcpt=1 (queue active)May 4 18:57:11 nginx01 postfix/smtp[19185]: 5256C1009A4E: to=<test@test.com>, relay=test.com[121.210.168.231]:25, delay=4.8, delays=0.09/0.05/0.11/4.5, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK:has queued)May 4 18:57:11 nginx01 postfix/qmgr[18270]: 5256C1009A4E: removed[root@nginx01 log]#

可见发送成功。